List of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India – UTs and Statewise 2025

India is home to a remarkable array of wildlife sanctuaries in India, spread across its diverse landscapes, from the snow-capped Himalayas in the north to the tropical forests of the south, arid deserts in the west, and mangroves along the east coast. Currently, there are over 574 wildlife sanctuaries officially notified across the country, each playing a vital role in protecting the rich biodiversity and endangered species that call India home.

These sanctuaries serve as safe havens for a wide array of wildlife, including majestic mammals such as tigers, elephants, leopards, and Indian bison; exotic birds ranging from hornbills to migratory species; and rare reptiles, amphibians, and endemic plants. Unlike other national parks in India, some wildlife sanctuaries allow regulated human activity, which helps communities coexist with nature while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.

Exploring these sanctuaries offers travellers a unique opportunity to experience India’s wildlife up close while contributing to conservation efforts. From dense forests and wetlands to grasslands and desert habitats, each sanctuary showcases a different facet of India’s natural heritage. This guide provides a state-wise list of wildlife sanctuaries in India, highlighting their unique species, habitats, and the best times to visit, making it easier for nature enthusiasts to plan their next adventure.

Key Facts about Wildlife Sanctuaries

India boasts over 574 wildlife sanctuaries spread across its 28 states and 8 union territories, making it one of the richest countries in terms of biodiversity. These protected areas serve as safe havens for numerous species, many of which are endangered or endemic to the region. Some sanctuaries focus on specific animals, such as elephants, tigers, or migratory birds, while others conserve entire ecosystems.

The types of ecosystems represented in these sanctuaries are incredibly diverse:

• Tropical and subtropical forests – Dense canopies provide shelter for tigers, leopards, and primates.
• Grasslands and savannahs – Ideal habitats for deer, antelopes, and wild dogs.
• Wetlands and marshes – Vital for migratory and resident birds, amphibians, and reptiles.
• Mangroves – Home to saltwater crocodiles, mudskippers, and the iconic Royal Bengal tiger.
• Deserts – Support unique desert-adapted species like the Great Indian Bustard and the desert fox.
• Mountain and alpine regions – Protect snow leopards, Himalayan tahr, and high-altitude flora.

These sanctuaries also contribute significantly to ecotourism and environmental education, attracting wildlife enthusiasts, photographers, and researchers from around the world. Through careful management and conservation initiatives, they help maintain ecological balance, protect endangered species, and offer opportunities for scientific research and community participation in conservation efforts.

Visiting these sanctuaries not only allows travellers to witness India’s remarkable biodiversity but also raises awareness about the importance of protecting these fragile ecosystems. By exploring wildlife sanctuaries responsibly, visitors can contribute to conservation while enjoying some of the most pristine natural landscapes in the country.

UTs and State-Wise List of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India 2025

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Andaman & Nicobar Islands

The Andaman & Nicobar Islands, located in the Bay of Bengal, are a biodiversity hotspot with tropical evergreen forests, coral reefs, mangroves, and numerous small islands. Their wildlife sanctuaries protect marine turtles, saltwater crocodiles, endemic birds, and rare reptiles. Many of these sanctuaries are small island ecosystems, crucial for the conservation of unique flora and fauna and for maintaining the integrity of coral reefs and coastal habitats.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Interview Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	133.87	Andaman	Largest island sanctuary; coral reefs, marine turtles, and migratory seabirds.
Barren Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	8.1	Andaman	Active volcanic island; marine ecosystems and nesting seabirds.
Narcondam Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	6.81	Andaman	Endangered Narcondam hornbill habitat; volcanic island with endemic species.
Landfall Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	29.48	Andaman	Northernmost island; important nesting grounds for marine turtles.
Lohabarrack Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	22.21	Andaman	Evergreen forests with nesting seabirds and reptiles.
Tillongchang Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1985	16.83	Nicobar	Mangrove and coastal ecosystems supporting endemic bird species.
Buchanan Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	9.33	Andaman	Coral reef ecosystems and marine bird habitat.
Cinque Islands Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	9.51	Andaman	Famous for coral reefs and snorkeling; marine biodiversity hotspot.
Defence Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	10.49	Andaman	Small island sanctuary protecting nesting seabirds and marine life.
Mask Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	0.78	Andaman	Small island habitat for nesting seabirds and reptiles.
Bluff Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	1.14	Andaman	Coastal island with seabird colonies.
Spike Island‑II Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	11.7	Andaman	Important coral and seabird habitat.
Megapode Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	0.12	Nicobar	Endangered Nicobar megapode nesting ground; small island forest.
Other Minor Island Sanctuaries	1987	0.01–2.5	Andaman / Nicobar	Includes Aloe Island, Coral Island, Table Island, and others; protect marine birds, reptiles, and coral ecosystems.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh hosts a diverse range of wildlife sanctuaries that protect the Eastern Ghats ecosystems, riverine habitats, mangroves, wetlands, and unique hill terrains. These sanctuaries support rich biodiversity—from tigers and leopards to rare birds like the Jerdon’s courser, as well as expansive crocodile habitats, dense teak forests, and coastal ecosystems. Many are crucial for conservation and eco-tourism in southern India.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary	1978	235.7	Kakinada (East Godavari)	India’s second-largest stretch of mangroves; home to smooth-coated otters & fishing cats.
Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary	1970	70.7	Visakhapatnam	Dense dry evergreen forests near city limits; known for leopards, civets, and eco-trails.
Kaundinya Wildlife Sanctuary	1990	357.2	Chittoor, Annamayya	Only sanctuary in AP with a wild Asian elephant population naturally migrating from Tamil Nadu/Karnataka.
Nagarjuna Sagar–Srisailam Wildlife Sanctuary (AP portion)	1978	~2,444 (shared)	Nandyal, Palnadu	Part of India’s largest tiger reserve landscape; deep gorges and Nallamala forests.
Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary	1988	6.14	Kurnool	Last stronghold of the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard in the state.
Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary	1988	464	Kadapa	Only known habitat of the Jerdon’s Courser, one of the world’s rarest birds.
Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary	1989	353	Tirupati, Annamayya, Nellore	Part of the Seshachalam biosphere; famous for red sanders, leopards & rugged hillscapes.
Pulicat Lake Wildlife Sanctuary (AP portion)	1976	~500 (shared)	Tirupati	India’s second-largest brackish-water lagoon; flamingos arrive in thousands.
Koundinya Extension / Proposed Additions	—	—	Chittoor region	Landscape supports elephant migration corridors; expansions proposed for protection.
Gundla Brahmeswaram Wildlife Sanctuary	1990	1,194	Nandyal, Prakasam	Known for steep gorges, Nallamala hill biodiversity, and tiger presence.
Sri Penusila Narasimha Wildlife Sanctuary	1997	1,030	Nellore	Sacred hill forests with leopards, pangolins & rich medicinal plant diversity.
Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram) Wildlife Sanctuary	2005	134	Annamayya	Dry deciduous forests; growing habitat for leopards and sloth bears.
Kolleru Wildlife Sanctuary	1999	308	Eluru, Krishna	Ramsar wetland famous for millions of migratory birds like grey pelicans & painted storks.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh is one of India’s most biodiverse regions, forming part of the Eastern Himalayas—one of the world’s top biodiversity hotspots. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect pristine subtropical forests, high-altitude bamboo thickets, river valleys, cloud forests, and snow-covered terrain. The state shelters rare species such as the red panda, clouded leopard, takin, hoolock gibbon, Mishmi takin, and hundreds of endemic orchids. These sanctuaries are crucial for conserving Himalayan wildlife and tribal cultural landscapes.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary	1989	218	West Kameng	Known for the discovery of the Bugun Liocichla, a bird species new to science; exceptional birding hotspot.
Pakhui (Pakke) Wildlife Sanctuary	1977	862	Pakke Kessang, East Kameng	Stronghold of the Himalayan foothill tigers and home to the award-winning Hornbill Nest Adoption Program.
Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary	1978	140	Papum Pare	Hill forests near the capital; habitat for clouded leopards, capped langurs, and rich bird diversity.
Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary	1980	281.5	Lower Dibang Valley	Home to red pandas, takins, and the scenic Mehao Lake; rugged, untouched terrain.
Daying Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	190	East Siang	Riverine island ecosystem on the Siang River; a paradise for migratory water birds.
Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary	1974	783	Lohit	Includes pristine dipterocarp forests and the holy Parshuram Kund; tigers and elephants occur here.
Kane Wildlife Sanctuary	2007	55	West Siang	Small yet biodiverse sanctuary; known for clouded leopards, serow, and rich tribal forest landscapes.
Dr. D. Ering (Dibang) Wildlife Sanctuary	1998	414	Upper Siang	Dense subtropical forests supporting rare pheasants, red panda, and Himalayan mammals.
Sille–Oyan Wildlife Sanctuary	1999	175	East Siang	Riverine forests and bamboo habitats; elephants frequent the landscape.
Kamala Valley (Proposed)	—	—	Lower Subansiri	Potential conservation zone due to takin movement corridors and dense forests.
Chakrashila Extension (Bordering Assam)	—	—	Near Assam boundary	Supports elephant movement and rich foothill biodiversity.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Assam

Assam is one of India’s richest wildlife regions, home to lush alluvial grasslands, dense sal forests, floodplain wetlands, and riverine ecosystems shaped by the Brahmaputra. The state shelters iconic species such as the one-horned rhinoceros, wild water buffalo, pygmy hog, golden langur, Bengal florican, and elephants. Assam’s wildlife sanctuaries play a vital role as extensions of national parks, biodiversity corridors, and strongholds of rare endemic species.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	38.8	Morigaon	Holds the highest density of one-horned rhinos in the world.
Burachapori Wildlife Sanctuary	1995	44.1	Sonitpur	Alluvial grasslands and riverine forests; elephants and Bengal florican occur.
Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary	1994	45.6	Kokrajhar, Dhubri	Only protected habitat for the Golden Langur in India.
Chandubi Wildlife Sanctuary (Proposed upgrade)	—	—	Kamrup	Lake ecosystem fed by Meghalaya hills; rich in migratory birds and wetlands.
Deepor Beel Wildlife Sanctuary	2009	4.1	Kamrup (M)	Ramsar wetland; famous for large flocks of spot-billed pelicans and storks.
Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary	1980	26.2	Baksa	Foothill sanctuary protecting the endangered Hispid Hare and Pigmy Hog.
Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary	1998	175	Sonitpur	Important corridor for elephants; lush Himalayan foothill forests.
Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary	1972	70.1	Nagaon	Grassland habitat historically known for rhinos; part of the Laokhowa–Burachapori complex.
Bherjan–Borajan–Podumoni Wildlife Sanctuary	1999	7.2	Tinsukia	Fragmented forests home to hoolock gibbons and diverse primates.
Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary	1997 (as sanctuary)	20.98	Jorhat	India’s only sanctuary dedicated to Hoolock Gibbons, the country’s only apes.
Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary	2003	37	Karbi Anglong	Evergreen forests forming an elephant corridor; rich orchid diversity.
Nambor–Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary	2003	97.2	Golaghat	Close to Kaziranga; elephants, hornbills, and evergreen hill forests.
Nambor South Block Wildlife Sanctuary	2003	119	Karbi Anglong	Part of the Nambor ecosystem; supports elephants and gaur populations.
Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary	2004	78.6	Kamrup (M)	Urban-edge sanctuary near Guwahati; elephants, leopards, and rich birdlife.
Barail Wildlife Sanctuary	2004	326.2	Cachar	Protects the Barail Hill Range; known for clouded leopards and rare reptiles.
Panidehing Wildlife Sanctuary	1996	33.9	Sivasagar	Wetland sanctuary; globally important for migratory waterfowl & raptors.
Pani-Dihing Extension / Proposed	—	—	Sivasagar region	Recognized for expanding wetland bird conservation.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Bihar

Bihar’s wildlife sanctuaries protect the Gangetic plains, riverine forests, wetlands, grasslands, and foothills of the Himalayas. Though the state has fewer protected areas compared to northeastern or southern states, its sanctuaries are crucial habitats for the Gangetic dolphin, migratory birds, swamp deer, and rich wetland biodiversity. These sanctuaries also preserve important river systems and floodplain ecosystems that support both wildlife and local communities.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary	1978	880	West Champaran	Part of the Valmiki Tiger Reserve; foothill forests with tigers, leopards, and sloth bears.
Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary	1982	1,342	Kaimur	One of the largest sanctuaries in Bihar; diverse terrains with leopards, chinkara, and caves.
Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	260	Gaya, Nawada	Dry deciduous forests; known for leopards, hyenas, and rich bird diversity.
Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary	1991	5.65	Baranagar (near Jharkhand border)	Bihar’s only bird sanctuary; twin lakes attracting large numbers of winter migratory birds.
Kanwar Lake (Kabar Taal) Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	63.1	Begusarai	One of Asia’s largest freshwater oxbow lakes; Ramsar Site supporting thousands of migratory birds.
Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	682	Munger	Famous for natural hot springs; elephants, tigers (occasional), and dense forested hills.
Rajgir Wildlife Sanctuary	1978	35.8	Nalanda	Hill forests surrounding the ancient Rajgir region; home to leopards, sloth bears, and vultures.
Pant Wildlife Sanctuary (Rajgir Extension)	—	—	Nalanda	Proposed extension for better connectivity of hill forests and wildlife corridors.
Nakti Dam and Chandra Prabha Wetlands (Proposed)	—	—	Jamui region	Important wetland habitats studied for future protection.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Chandigarh

Chandigarh, a union territory and planned city in northern India, has limited natural habitats but is home to small protected areas that preserve local flora and fauna. The city emphasizes urban biodiversity, with parks and reserves supporting migratory birds, small mammals, and reptiles.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary / Sukhna Lake Area	1991	1.5	Chandigarh	Protects migratory birds and freshwater fauna in urban wetland.
Japanese Garden and Urban Greenbelt (Proposed WLS)	—	0.5	Chandigarh	Green corridors for birds, small mammals, and urban reptiles.
Chandigarh Leisure Valley & City Forests (Proposed)	—	2–3	Chandigarh	Habitat patches for urban wildlife, including monitor lizards and migratory birds.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh is known for its expansive forests, plateau landscapes, and rich tribal heritage. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect dense sal forests, bamboo thickets, river gorges, grasslands, and unique Eastern Ghats–Central Indian biodiversity. The state supports species like wild buffalo, leopards, sloth bears, dhole, flying squirrels, hill mynas, and a wide variety of reptiles and birds. Many sanctuaries also act as vital ecological corridors for Central India’s tiger-bearing landscapes.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary	1974	556	Dhamtari, Gariaband	Forms part of Udanti–Sitanadi Tiger Reserve; known for lush sal forests and river ecosystems.
Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary	1983	247	Gariaband	Last remaining population of the wild buffalo in Chhattisgarh.
Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary	1975	551.6	Bilaspur, Mungeli	Now part of Achanakmar–Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve; tigers, leopards, and dense hilly forests.
Badalkhol Wildlife Sanctuary	1975	104.5	Jashpur	Known for elephants, leopards, flying squirrels, and rich forest-clad hill ranges.
Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	245	Baloda Bazar	Popular for easy wildlife sightings—leopards, chital, and birdlife; stronghold of the Hill Myna.
Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary	1978	608.5	Surguja	Large forested tract with elephants, leopards, and diverse bird species; part of a proposed tiger corridor.
Semarsot Wildlife Sanctuary	1978	430.4	Surguja	Undisturbed sal forests; elephants frequently migrate through the landscape.
Bhainsa (Bhoramdeo) Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	164	Kabirdham	Combines temples and forests; habitat for sloth bears, leopards & rich medicinal plants.
Pamed Wildlife Sanctuary	1988	262	Bijapur	Dense mixed forests of Bastar region; home to endangered wild buffalo and tribal landscapes.
Kanger Ghati Extension Areas (Proposed)	—	—	Bastar	Known for limestone formations, caves, waterfalls & biodiversity considered for further protection.
Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary	1975	278.5	Raigarh	Hill ranges and river valleys supporting elephants and rare reptiles like king cobras.
Bhairamgarh Wildlife Sanctuary	1983	138	Bijapur	Dry deciduous forests; known for tigers (occasional), leopards and tribal cultural associations.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu

Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, located on the western coast of India, have a mix of forests, riverine areas, and coastal ecosystems. Their wildlife sanctuaries protect leopards, sloth bears, crocodiles, migratory birds, and diverse freshwater fish. These areas also conserve dry deciduous forests and wetland ecosystems important for local biodiversity.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Silvassa Wildlife Sanctuary	1991	50	Dadra & Nagar Haveli	Dry deciduous forest; leopards, sloth bears, and endemic flora.
Ghadiya WLS (Proposed)	—	12	Dadra & Nagar Haveli	Small forest patch; bird habitat and native reptiles.
Daman Ganga River Wetland (Proposed)	—	8	Daman	Riverine wetland; migratory birds and freshwater fish diversity.
Diu Coastal Wetland (Proposed)	—	5	Diu	Coastal wetland with marine bird species and mangroves.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Delhi

Delhi, the national capital territory, is primarily urban but has important protected areas that conserve grasslands, wetlands, and riverine ecosystems. Its wildlife sanctuaries support migratory birds, reptiles, small mammals, and rare flora within urban landscapes, acting as vital green lungs for the city.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary	1986	32	South Delhi	Dry deciduous forest; leopards, jackals, migratory birds, and native flora.
Sanjay Lake / Urban Wetland (Proposed WLS)	—	2	East Delhi	Supports migratory and resident waterbirds; freshwater wetland ecosystem.
Najafgarh Jheel Wetland (Proposed WLS)	—	4	West Delhi	Seasonal wetland; habitat for migratory birds and amphibians.
Delhi Ridge Protected Forests	1990	7	North & South Delhi	Urban forest patches; reptiles, small mammals, and endemic plant species.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Goa

Goa, though India’s smallest state, is rich in biodiversity thanks to its position along the Western Ghats—one of the world’s top biodiversity hotspots. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect moist deciduous forests, evergreen belts, riverine ecosystems, and rugged hill terrains. These areas are home to gaur, leopards, mouse deer, Malabar giant squirrels, king cobras, hornbills, and a variety of endemic Western Ghats flora and amphibians. Goa’s sanctuaries are foundational to eco-tourism and water catchment conservation for the state.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary	1969	8	North Goa	Smallest sanctuary in Goa; famous for eco-tourism, mini-zoo, deer safari & nature trails.
Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary	1999	208	North Goa	Key corridor for tiger movement across the Western Ghats; rich in amphibians & big cats.
Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary	1969	86	South Goa	Known for tall trees reaching 30+ meters, tree-top canopies & sightings of flying lizards.
Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary	1999	211	South Goa	Evergreen forests, bubbling lakes (Savitri spring) & habitat for black panthers and gaur.
Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary	1969	240	South Goa	Largest sanctuary in Goa; home to Dudhsagar Falls, tambdi surla temple & rich wildlife diversity.
Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary	1988	1.8	North Goa (Chorao Island)	Mangrove sanctuary famous for herons, egrets, mudskippers & estuarine ecosystems.
Mollem Extended Ecosystem (Proposed & Buffer)	—	—	South Goa	Part of the larger Western Ghats landscape; under consideration for enhanced protection.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Gujarat

Gujarat’s wildlife sanctuaries protect a remarkable mix of habitats—from arid deserts and saline marshlands to dry deciduous forests, grasslands, hill ranges, and coastal wetlands. The state is globally known for the last population of the Asiatic lion, the Indian wild ass, hundreds of migratory bird species, massive wetlands, and rare marine biodiversity. These sanctuaries serve as strongholds for endangered species and support some of India’s most unique ecosystems such as the Rann of Kachchh and the Banni grasslands.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Gir Wildlife Sanctuary	1965	1,153 (with NP)	Junagadh, Gir Somnath	Heart of the Asiatic Lion population; dry deciduous forest and rocky hill terrain.
Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary	1969	120	Ahmedabad, Surendranagar	Gujarat’s largest wetland bird sanctuary; wintering ground for flamingos & pelicans.
Thol Lake Wildlife Sanctuary	1988	7	Mehsana, Ahmedabad	Shallow freshwater lake; famous for flamingos, cranes, and large wading bird flocks.
Velavadar (Blackbuck) Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	34.5	Bhavnagar	India’s best grassland sanctuary; known for large blackbuck herds and harrier roosting.
Barda Wildlife Sanctuary	1979	192	Devbhumi Dwarka, Jamnagar	Former Asiatic lion habitat; rugged hills with leopards, crocodiles & diverse flora.
Jessore Sloth Bear Wildlife Sanctuary	1978	180	Banaskantha	Known for sloth bears, leopards, and the Aravalli hill ecosystem.
Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary	1986	7,506	Kachchh	One of India’s largest sanctuaries; includes the famous Flamingo City breeding site.
Narayan Sarovar Wildlife Sanctuary	1981	444	Kachchh	Desert ecosystem supporting chinkara, caracal, desert cat & spiny-tailed lizards.
Banni Grasslands Wildlife Sanctuary	1988	2,500	Kachchh	One of Asia’s largest grasslands; home to wolves, nilgai, migratory birds & unique pastoral culture.
Porbandar Bird Sanctuary	1988	1	Porbandar	Only city-based bird sanctuary in India; herons, ibis & flamingos frequent the lake.
Pania Wildlife Sanctuary	1989	39	Amreli	Part of the Greater Gir landscape; lions, leopards & mixed dry forest habitats.
Mitiyala Wildlife Sanctuary	2004	18.2	Amreli	Lion movement corridor between Gir and coastal regions.
Rampara Wildlife Sanctuary	1988	15	Rajkot	Grassland ecosystem with chinkara, foxes & rich birdlife.
Gaga Wildlife Sanctuary	1988	3.3	Devbhumi Dwarka	Coastal sanctuary; known for flamingos, pelicans, and marine-influenced ecology.
Khijadiya Wildlife Sanctuary	1982	6.1	Jamnagar	Unique mix of freshwater and marine wetlands; thousands of migratory birds.
Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary	1990	130	Panchmahal	Lush forests and reservoirs; sloth bears, leopards, and tribal communities.
Ratanmahal Sloth Bear Wildlife Sanctuary	1982	55	Dahod	Dense hill forests known for one of the healthiest sloth bear populations.
Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary	1982	608	Narmada	Western Ghats–style forests; waterfalls, giant squirrels, and rich tribal landscapes.
Purna Wildlife Sanctuary	1990	160	Dang	Moist deciduous forests with leopards, giant squirrels & diverse bird species.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Haryana

Haryana, located in northern India, features a mix of dry deciduous forests, wetlands, and riverine habitats. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect species like blackbucks, nilgai, wild boar, migratory birds, and freshwater turtles. These areas play a key role in preserving grassland ecosystems and wetlands amid intensive agricultural and urban development.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary	1985	4.01	Jhajjar	Wetland sanctuary; wintering site for migratory waterfowl including ducks and pelicans.
Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary	1996	510	Yamunanagar	Dry deciduous forest; elephants, leopards, and striped hyenas.
Morni Hills Wildlife Sanctuary	2005	45	Panchkula	Hilly forests; leopards, barking deer, and rich bird diversity.
Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary	1985	28	Kurukshetra	Wetland for migratory and resident birds, including ducks and waders.
Sultanpur National Park / WLS Component	1972	1.43	Gurgaon	Famous bird sanctuary; flamingos, pelicans, and migratory waterbirds.
Bhindawas Extension (Proposed)	—	—	Jhajjar	Supports wetland-dependent fauna; proposed for expansion to protect migratory birds.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh is known for its rugged Himalayan landscapes—ranging from subtropical forests in the lower hills to alpine meadows and snow-covered peaks in the higher ranges. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect habitats for iconic mountain species such as the snow leopard, Himalayan brown bear, musk deer, Himalayan tahr, serow, pheasants, and countless medicinal plants. These sanctuaries also safeguard vital river catchments, glacial valleys, and unique cultural-ecological zones of the Western Himalayas.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Chail Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	110	Solan	Known for cheer pheasants, Himalayan black bears & dense oak–pine forests.
Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary	1992	1,402	Lahaul & Spiti	High-altitude cold desert; one of India’s best snow leopard habitats.
Khokhan Wildlife Sanctuary	1956	14.2	Kullu	Small sanctuary protecting Himalayan palm civet, serow & mixed conifer forests.
Kais Wildlife Sanctuary	1954	14.1	Kullu	Rich in rare pheasants and medicinal plants; near the Beas river valley.
Kanwar Wildlife Sanctuary	1954	61.5	Kullu	Known for Himalayan tahr, black bears, and dense deodar forests.
Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary	1974	944	Kangra	Mountainous terrain with leopards, black bears, and the Dhauladhar snowline.
Simbalbara Wildlife Sanctuary	1958	27.9	Sirmaur	Sal forests and grassy glades; elephants visit seasonally from neighbouring states.
Majathal Wildlife Sanctuary	1974	39.4	Solan, Shimla	Stronghold of the endangered cheer pheasant and Himalayan tahr.
Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary	1962	32.6	Mandi	Leopard sightings, pheasants & mid-hill coniferous forests.
Thaneghat (Tundah) Wildlife Sanctuary	1970	64	Chamba	Alpine meadows, Himalayan brown bears & remote high-altitude pastoral zones.
Gamgul–Siog Wildlife Sanctuary	1984	109	Chamba	Only sanctuary in HP with Kashmir Stag (Hangul) presence (historical range).
Nargu Wildlife Sanctuary	1962	132	Mandi, Kullu	Dense deodar forests; habitat for Himalayan black bears and ghoral.
Sechu–Tuan Nalla Wildlife Sanctuary	1974	103	Chamba	High-altitude wildlife; brown bears, ibex & snow-fed valleys.
Daranghati Wildlife Sanctuary	1962	167	Shimla	Thick forests around Sarahan; leopards, bears & the former royal hunting grounds.
Rupi Bhaba Wildlife Sanctuary	1982	503	Kinnaur	Alpine ecosystems supporting ibex, snow leopards, and rich floral diversity.
Kugti Wildlife Sanctuary	1962	379	Chamba	One of HP’s largest sanctuaries; ibex, snow leopards & stunning glacial landscapes.
Tirthan Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	61	Kullu	Part of the Great Himalayan NP landscape; home to trout streams & diverse birdlife.
Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary	1983	307	Kangra	Ramsar site attracting thousands of migratory birds, including bar-headed geese.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Jammu & Kashmir

Jammu & Kashmir, located in northern India, encompasses the majestic Himalayan ranges, river valleys, and alpine meadows. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect snow leopards, Himalayan brown bears, musk deer, Himalayan monals, and a wide variety of endemic birds. These protected areas are crucial for conserving high-altitude biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance in fragile Himalayan ecosystems.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Baltal Thajwas Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	203	Srinagar	Alpine meadows and forested valleys; supports Himalayan birds and small mammals.
Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	180	Baramulla	Alpine and sub-alpine ecosystems; Himalayan brown bears and snow leopards.
Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	341.25	Baramulla	Dense forests and river valleys; home to musk deer and Himalayan monal.
Jasrota Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	10.04	Kathua	Small sanctuary; supports deer, langurs, and endemic Himalayan flora.
Lachipora Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	80	Baramulla	Mixed forests; important bird habitats including pheasants and raptors.
Limber Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	12	Baramulla	Forested hills; small mammals and Himalayan bird species.
Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary	1990	33.34	Jammu	Dry temperate forests; leopards, jackals, and migratory birds.
Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	425	Anantnag	Alpine and sub-alpine meadows; supports Himalayan brown bear and snow leopard.
Rajparian Wildlife Sanctuary	1945	20	Anantnag	One of the oldest sanctuaries; deer and Himalayan bird habitats.
Ramnagar Rakha Wildlife Sanctuary	1990	31.5	Jammu	Forested hills; leopards, jackals, and endemic flora.
Surinsar-Mansar Wildlife Sanctuary	1990	97.82	Jammu	Lakes and surrounding forests; supports migratory birds and reptiles.
Tata Kutti Wildlife Sanctuary	2012	66.27	Jammu	Dry deciduous forests; leopards and local bird species.
Tral Wildlife Sanctuary	2019	154.15	Pulwama	Alpine forests; key habitat for Himalayan fauna including musk deer and snow leopard.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Jharkhand

Jharkhand is known for its dense sal forests, rolling plateaus, rocky hills, and vibrant tribal belts. Its wildlife sanctuaries preserve a mix of dry deciduous forests, river valleys, grasslands, and unique plateau ecosystems. These protected areas are home to elephants, leopards, sloth bears, Indian bison (gaur), wolves, hyenas, rich birdlife, and important medicinal plant species. Jharkhand’s sanctuaries also play a crucial role in maintaining wildlife corridors across central and eastern India.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	195	East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum	Famous for elephant migration corridors; mixed forests with scenic hill ranges.
Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary	1955	184	Hazaribagh	Once a tiger hotspot; now known for leopards, sloth bears, and picturesque forests.
Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary	1979	207	Chatra	Dry deciduous forests; wolves, hyenas, leopards & rich tribal landscapes.
Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	753	Latehar	Part of Palamau Tiger Reserve; sal & bamboo forests with elephants, leopards & bison.
Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary	1976	63	Latehar	India’s only dedicated wolf sanctuary; grassland–plateau habitat.
Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary	1990	184	Gumla, Simdega	Bamboo thickets & plateau forests; elephants and sloth bears frequently sighted.
Parasnath (Topchanchi) Wildlife Sanctuary	1985	49	Giridih, Dhanbad	Hill forests around Parasnath peak; leopards, barking deer & cultural significance for Jains.
Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary (shared with Bihar)	1976	~100 (Jharkhand portion)	Chatra	Mosaic of hill forests & dry deciduous vegetation; leopards and foxes occur.
Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary	1994	177	Koderma	Known for mixed forests, herbal plants & wildlife including hyenas & barking deer.
Udhuwa Lake Bird Sanctuary (Bihar–Jharkhand border influence)	—	—	Sahibganj region	Important wetland system attracting migratory birds (regional relevance).
Chandrapura Hill & Dam Area (Proposed)	—	—	Bokaro	Emerging biodiversity hotspot studied for future protection.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Karnataka

Karnataka is one of India’s richest biodiversity hubs, home to the Western Ghats, dense evergreen forests, and key wildlife corridors. The state shelters flagship species such as tigers, elephants, leopards, lion-tailed macaques, Malabar giant squirrels, gaurs, and several endemic birds and amphibians. Its wildlife sanctuaries are vital connectors between national parks like Bandipur, Nagarahole, and BRT Tiger Reserve.

Sanctuary Name	Declared	Area (sq km)	District	Highlight / Fact / Unique Insight
Aghanashini Lion-tailed Macaque WLS	2019	29.53	Uttara Kannada	Newly created to protect Lion-tailed macaque habitats in Western Ghats.
Arabithittu WLS	1985	13.5	Mysuru	Noted for spotted deer and surrounding eucalyptus plantations.
Attiveri Bird Sanctuary	2000	2.23	Uttara Kannada / Dharwad	Important wetland stopover for 79+ bird species.
Biligiri Ranganatha Swamy Temple (BRT) WLS	1974	539.52	Chamarajanagar	Later declared a Tiger Reserve; known for elephants and Soliga tribe.
Brahmagiri WLS	1974	181.29	Kodagu	Evergreen shola forests with lion-tailed macaques.
Cauvery WLS	1987	510	Mandya / Chamarajanagar	Major habitat for grizzled giant squirrel and mahseer fish.
Dandeli WLS	1974	473	Uttara Kannada	Part of Anshi–Dandeli landscape; hornbill hotspot.
Gudekote Sloth Bear Sanctuary	2013	38.4	Ballari	Dedicated habitat for sloth bears in rocky terrains.
Melkote Temple WLS	1974	45	Mandya	Home to endangered wolves and unique dry scrublands.
Mookambika WLS	1974	247	Udupi / Shivamogga	Transition zone of rainforest to moist deciduous forest.
Nugu WLS	1974	30.3	Mysuru	Small sanctuary supporting elephants and herbivores.
Pushpagiri WLS	1987	92.65	Kodagu	Recognized as an Important Bird Area (IBA).
Ramnagar Sloth Bear Sanctuary	2014	13.5	Ramanagara	Protected rocky hillock habitat for sloth bears.
Sharavathi Valley WLS	1972	431	Shivamogga	Encompasses Sharavathi river basin; rich amphibian diversity.
Shettihalli WLS	1974	395	Shivamogga	Elephant corridor with diverse flora.
Someshwara WLS	1974	88.4	Udupi	Gateway to Agumbe rainforest—King Cobra territory.
Talakaveri WLS	1987	105	Kodagu	Origin of river Kaveri; high rainfall biodiversity hotspot.
Thanigebylu WLS	2011	29.52	Shivamogga	Contiguous with Sharavathi Valley; rich in small carnivores.
Yadahalli Chinkara WLS	2016	96	Bagalkot	Karnataka’s first sanctuary dedicated to chinkara.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Kerala

Kerala’s wildlife sanctuaries form the backbone of the Western Ghats conservation landscape. These protected areas shelter tropical rainforests, shola–grassland ecosystems, riverine belts, and montane peaks. They host flagship species like the Nilgiri tahr, lion-tailed macaque, Nilgiri langur, Asian elephant, Bengal tiger, Malabar civet, and numerous endemic birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Kerala’s sanctuaries are also crucial for watershed protection and eco-tourism.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary	1984	90.44	Idukki	Only Kerala sanctuary with a thriving star tortoise population; rain-shadow region with unique scrub forests.
Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	105.36	Idukki	Surrounds Idukki reservoir; known for elephants, sambar, and forested hill terrain.
Kadalundi-Vallikkunnu Bird Sanctuary	1988	15	Malappuram / Kozhikode	Estuarine and mangrove habitat; large gatherings of gulls, terns, and herons.
Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary	2020	230	Palakkad	Newly declared; protects Nilgiri tahr, lion-tailed macaque, and high-altitude grasslands.
Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary	1984	85.07	Thrissur	Known for elephants, butterflies, and scenic Chimmony dam region.
Chulannur Peafowl Sanctuary	2007	3.4	Palakkad	Kerala’s first peafowl sanctuary; dry scrub woodland habitat.
Kurinjimala Wildlife Sanctuary	2006	32	Idukki	Key habitat for the rare Neelakurinji flower which blooms once every 12 years.
Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary	2010	74.2	Kozhikode	Evergreen forests rich in endemic reptiles and amphibians.
Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary	2004	0.027	Ernakulam (Kochi)	One of India’s smallest WLS; an urban mangrove haven supporting migratory birds.
Manjeri Elephant Sanctuary (Proposed)	—	—	Malappuram	Proposed landscape for elephant conservation.
Nedumkayam Rainforest (part of Nilambur)	—	—	Malappuram	Notified RF; known for rainforest biodiversity (not officially WLS but often included in conservation list).
Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary	1958	125	Thrissur	One of Kerala’s oldest WLS; important watershed forest with elephants and langurs.
Peppera Wildlife Sanctuary	1983	53	Thiruvananthapuram	Western Ghats foothills; known for elephants, sambar, and hornbills.
Periyar Tiger Reserve (WLS Component)	1950 (WLS), 1978 TR	305 (WLS area)	Idukki	Lake-centered ecosystem famous for elephants and boat safaris.
Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary	1984	172	Kollam	Known for endangered Myristica swamps and Thenmala eco-tourism.
Sholayar (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Thrissur	Proposed to protect rainforest corridors.
Thirunelly / Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary (Kerala side)	1974	Part of Brahmagiri	Wayanad	Evergreen forests forming elephant-tiger corridor with Karnataka.
Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary	1973	344	Wayanad	Crucial link in the Nilgiri–Wayanad–Bandipur–Nagarahole tiger landscape.
Eravikulam (WLS Component)	1975 NP	WLS-associated zone	Idukki	High-altitude shola-grasslands supporting Nilgiri tahr (NP status; included for ecosystem linkage).

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Ladakh

Ladakh, the high-altitude desert of northern India, is characterised by cold desert landscapes, alpine meadows, and river valleys. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect snow leopards, Himalayan ibex, Tibetan antelope (chiru), wild yak, and a variety of high-altitude birds. These protected areas are crucial for conserving fragile ecosystems and rare species adapted to extreme climatic conditions.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Hemis Wildlife Sanctuary	1981	4,400	Leh	Largest high-altitude sanctuary in India; snow leopards, Tibetan wolves, and ibex.
Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	4,000	Leh / Ladakh	Cold desert ecosystem; Tibetan antelope (chiru), wild yak, and migratory birds.
Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary (Proposed / Buffer)	—	—	Leh	Alpine habitat; ibex, snow leopard, and high-altitude migratory birds.
Tso Moriri Wetland Sanctuary	1965	1,050	Leh	High-altitude lake; flamingos, migratory birds, and wetland ecosystem.
Nubra Valley / Shyok River Corridor (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Leh	Wildlife corridor for snow leopard and Himalayan ibex conservation.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep, a group of islands in the Arabian Sea, features tropical coral atolls, lagoons, and mangroves. Its wildlife sanctuaries primarily protect marine biodiversity, including sea turtles, dugongs, coral reef fish, and migratory seabirds. These small island ecosystems are vital for maintaining coastal and marine ecological balance.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Bangaram Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1990	0.2	Lakshadweep	Coral reefs and nesting grounds for marine turtles.
Pitti Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1977	0.1	Lakshadweep	Small uninhabited island; seabird colonies and migratory birds.
Thinnakara Island Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	0.15	Lakshadweep	Marine biodiversity hotspot; coral reefs and fish breeding grounds.
Suheli Par Wildlife Sanctuary	1990	0.25	Lakshadweep	Coral atoll ecosystem; supports dugongs, turtles, and reef fish.
Cheriyam Island / Bird Sanctuary (Proposed)	—	—	Lakshadweep	Important breeding site for migratory and coastal birds.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh

Known as the “Tiger State of India”, Madhya Pradesh shelters some of the country’s richest forest landscapes—Sal forests, dry deciduous woodlands, riverine belts, and Vindhyan hills. Its wildlife sanctuaries form vital corridors between famous tiger reserves like Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Satpura, and Panna. MP is home to Bengal tigers, leopards, sloth bears, barasingha, blackbuck, vultures, gharials, and hundreds of bird species.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Bagdara WLS	1978	478.1	Singrauli	Known for sloth bears, leopards, and rugged hillocks near coalfields.
Gandhi Sagar WLS	1974	368.6	Neemuch / Mandsaur	Surrounds Gandhi Sagar Dam; habitat for antelopes & migratory waterbirds.
Ghatigaon (Great Indian Bustard) WLS	1981	512	Gwalior	Focused on the conservation of the Great Indian Bustard population.
Karera WLS	1981	202	Shivpuri	Former GIB sanctuary; now supports blackbuck, chinkara, and wetlands.
Ken Gharial Sanctuary	1985	45.2	Panna / Chhatarpur	Created for gharial conservation along the Ken river.
Kheoni WLS	1955	78.9	Dewas	Gained attention after natural tiger movement from Satpura.
Narsinghgarh WLS	1978	57.2	Rajgarh	Mixed deciduous forests with leopards & hyenas.
National Chambal Sanctuary (MP portion)	1979	~435 (shared)	Morena / Bhind / Sheopur	Last stronghold of gharials; home to Ganges dolphins and skimmers.
Noradehi WLS	1981	1,197	Sagar / Damoh / Narsinghpur	MP’s largest WLS; proposed site for cheetah relocation earlier.
Orcha WLS	1994	45	Niwari	Riverine sanctuary along Betwa; rich in birds and small carnivores.
Panpatha WLS	1983	245	Umaria	Northern buffer to Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve.
Panna WLS (part of Panna landscape)	1981	164.1	Panna	Adds to the tiger & vulture conservation landscape of Panna TR.
Patalkot – Tamia (Proposed)	—	—	Chhindwara	Tribal-majority gorge ecosystem with rich medicinal plants.
Phen WLS	2002	110	Mandla	Buffer to Kanha; known for barasingha and swamp deer habitats.
Ratapani WLS	1976	823	Raisen / Sehore	Proposed Tiger Reserve; famous for leopards, sloth bears, and rock shelters.
Sanjay-Dubri WLS (MP side)	1975	466	Sidhi / Singrauli	Part of Sanjay Tiger Reserve; corridor for tigers between MP–Chhattisgarh.
Sardarpur WLS	1983	348	Dhar	Grassland ecosystem with blackbuck and wintering birds.
Satpura WLS (part of Satpura landscape)	1977	524	Hoshangabad (Narmadapuram)	Buffer to STR; mixed forests rich in giant squirrels.
Son Gharial Sanctuary	1981	164.1	Sidhi	Protects gharials, muggers, and fish species along Son river.
Veerangana Durgavati WLS	1996	24	Jabalpur	Small sanctuary preserving rocky and riverine landscapes.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Maharashtra

Maharashtra features a variety of habitats—from the Western Ghats’ evergreen forests to the Deccan plateau’s dry deciduous forests, coastal mangroves, and grasslands. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect tigers, leopards, gaur, sloth bears, mugger crocodiles, Indian giant squirrels, and numerous endemic birds and reptiles. These areas are crucial for conservation corridors connecting northern and southern India’s tiger landscapes and supporting migratory bird populations along coastal wetlands.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Andhari WLS	1986	119.08	Chandrapur	Part of Tadoba-Andhari landscape; dense teak forests with tigers and leopards.
Chandoli WLS	1985	317	Sangli	Western Ghats forest; home to tigers, leopards, and the endangered Malabar civet.
Coloba Mangrove WLS	1990	2.2	Mumbai	Small urban mangrove sanctuary supporting migratory birds.
Chikhaldara WLS	1998	78.5	Amravati	Teak and sal forests; known for leopards, sambar, and seasonal rivers.
Karnala Bird Sanctuary	1968	12.11	Raigad	Famous for resident and migratory birds, trekking trails, and fort views.
Koyna WLS	1985	423	Satara / Sangli	Part of the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve, an important tiger and leopard corridor.
Nagzira WLS	1967	116	Gondia / Bhandara	Dense forest with rich tiger and elephant populations.
Peacock WLS (Junnar / Pune)	1971	3.5	Pune	Protects Indian peafowl and scrubland habitat.
Pench WLS (Maharashtra portion)	1977	257	Nagpur	Part of Pench Tiger Reserve; major tiger corridor with MP forests.
Phansad WLS	1986	8	Raigad	Coastal sanctuary with unique Malabar flora and resident leopards.
Radhanagari WLS	1958	351	Kolhapur	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests; Indian gaur stronghold.
Sahyadri WLS	1985	120	Ratnagiri	Protects Western Ghats flora and endangered amphibians.
Tansa WLS	1975	320	Thane	Important watershed forest supporting leopards and migratory birds.
Umred-Karhandla WLS	2013	230	Nagpur	Buffer to Tadoba-Andhari; leopard and sloth bear habitat.
Vikramgad WLS	1985	150	Palghar	Moist deciduous forest; important for elephants and endemic reptiles.
Bor WLS	1970	121	Nagpur	Tiger and leopard habitat; now part of Bor Tiger Reserve.
Bhigwan WLS	1980	19	Pune	Wetland sanctuary known for flamingos and waterbirds.
Tipeshwar WLS	1985	126	Chandrapur	Dry deciduous forest; tiger and sambar habitats.
Tungareshwar WLS	2003	175	Thane	Urban-edge forest with leopards, monkeys, and diverse bird species.
Yedshi WLS	1995	134	Osmanabad	Dry thorn and scrub forests; blackbuck and wolf habitats.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Manipur

Manipur, located in the northeastern region of India, is rich in subtropical forests, wetlands, and hilly terrains. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect rare mammals like the Sangai deer, hoolock gibbons, and clouded leopards, as well as migratory birds and endemic flora. Loktak Lake’s floating phumdis form unique wetland habitats, making Manipur an important center for biodiversity conservation in the northeast.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Keibul Lamjao National Park (WLS component)	1966	40	Bishnupur	World’s only floating national park; home of the endangered Sangai deer.
Yangoupokpi-Lokchao WLS	1989	184	Chandel	Dense evergreen forests; important corridor for elephants, tigers & leopards.
Sangai WLS	1977	40	Bishnupur	Dedicated sanctuary for the Manipur brow-antlered deer, locally called Sangai.
Dzukou Valley (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Senapati / Kohima	Famous for endemic flora and winter migratory birds; under consideration for protection.
Shirui Hill (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Ukhrul	Known for Shirui lily (endemic) and montane forest biodiversity.
Thangjing WLS	1988	40	Churachandpur	Sacred hill with dense subtropical forests; elephants and leopards present.
Mouling / Loktak Extension Areas	—	—	Bishnupur / Chandel	Supports wetland-dependent migratory birds and biodiversity corridors.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Meghalaya

Meghalaya, part of the northeastern hills, is famous for its dense subtropical and tropical evergreen forests, limestone caves, and rolling highlands. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect rare primates, clouded leopards, hornbills, and endemic flora. The state also hosts wetlands, sacred groves, and unique montane ecosystems, making it a biodiversity hotspot in the Indo-Burma region.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Balpakram WLS	1987	220	South Garo Hills	Known for marbled cats, Asian elephants, and endemic flora; often called the “Land of Spirits.”
Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary (Meghalaya portion)	—	—	Ri-Bhoi	Small hills and river valleys supporting hornbills and small carnivores.
Garo Hills WLS (Proposed)	—	—	Garo Hills	Potential large corridor for elephants, tigers, and clouded leopards.
Nokrek WLS (Meghalaya portion)	1986	47	West Garo Hills	Famous for red panda sightings, wild boars, and tropical forests; part of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve.
Siju WLS	1970	60	South Garo Hills	Limestone caves and dense forests; known for flying squirrels, hornbills, and civets.
Law Lyngdoh / Umkrem WLS (Proposed)	—	—	East Khasi Hills	Montane forests with rare orchids and endemic birds.
Thadlaskein (Sacred Grove)	—	—	West Jaintia Hills	Small forest patch conserved by local communities; hosts rare amphibians and hornbills.
Laitlum / Shillong Hills (Proposed WLS)	—	—	East Khasi Hills	Protects highland forest patches and migratory bird corridors.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Mizoram

Mizoram is a hilly northeastern state with dense tropical forests, bamboo groves, and river valleys. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect species such as hoolock gibbons, clouded leopards, Asiatic black bears, and endemic birds and reptiles. The state’s forests form part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot and serve as important corridors for elephants, tigers, and other large mammals.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Dampa Wildlife Sanctuary	1985	500	Mamit, Lunglei	Largest sanctuary in Mizoram; home to elephants, tigers, leopards, and barking deer.
Murlen National Park / WLS Component	1991	200	Champhai	Evergreen forests with clouded leopards and hoolock gibbons.
Phawngpui Blue Mountain WLS	1990	50	Lawngtlai	High-altitude sanctuary; home to endemic birds and rare mammals.
Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary	1999	120	Champhai	Mixed tropical forests; habitat for tigers, leopards, and serow.
Ramdeng / Lusei Hills (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Aizawl	Dense forests with hornbills, pheasants, and small carnivores.
Ngengpui WLS	1991	110	Lawngtlai	Tropical evergreen forests; elephants, gaur, and rare primates.
Pala / Phainuam Area (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Kolasib	Forested hills supporting endemic reptiles and amphibians.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Nagaland

Nagaland, a hilly state in northeastern India, is part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect tropical and subtropical forests, river valleys, and montane grasslands. The state is home to hoolock gibbons, clouded leopards, Asiatic black bears, hornbills, pangolins, and endemic amphibians. Many sanctuaries also overlap with tribal lands and sacred groves, reflecting a unique blend of biodiversity and cultural heritage.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Intanki National Park / WLS Component	1989	119	Kohima	Mixed tropical forests; supports elephants, leopards, and hoolock gibbons.
Pulie Badze WLS	1980	9	Kohima	Small sanctuary; important bird area with hornbills and migratory species.
Khonoma Nature Conservation & Tragopan Sanctuary	1998	25	Kohima	Community-conserved forest; home to Blyth’s tragopan and endemic birds.
Dzüko Valley (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Kohima / Phek	Alpine meadow ecosystem; supports rare orchids, migratory birds, and endemic reptiles.
Saramati Peak & Hills (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Kiphire	High-altitude forest habitat; tiger, clouded leopard, and goral sightings reported.
Pulie Badze Extension / Sacred Groves	—	—	Kohima	Connects protected patches; hornbills and endemic amphibians frequent the area.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Odisha

Odisha, located on India’s eastern coast, features a mix of coastal wetlands, mangroves, river valleys, and deciduous forests. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect tigers, elephants, leopards, swamp deer, olive ridley turtles, and hundreds of bird species. Many sanctuaries also support endemic flora, freshwater ecosystems, and serve as critical corridors linking the Eastern Ghats’ forest landscapes.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary	1975	672	Kendrapara	Mangrove sanctuary; home to saltwater crocodiles, estuarine birds, and migratory species.
Simlipal Wildlife Sanctuary	1956	2,750	Mayurbhanj	Part of Simlipal Tiger Reserve; tigers, elephants, gaur, and endemic flora.
Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary	1985	346	Bargarh	Dry deciduous forest; elephants, leopards, and seasonal wetlands.
Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary	1981	168	Nayagarh	Part of the Satkosia Tiger Reserve buffer; rich in tigers and birds.
Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	795	Angul / Boudh	Gorge ecosystem of the Mahanadi river; tigers, gharials, and vultures.
Badrama Wildlife Sanctuary	1962	186	Jharsuguda	Known for leopards, elephants, and mixed deciduous forests.
Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary	1982	193	Khordha	Urban-edge elephant sanctuary near Bhubaneswar.
Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary	1980	147	Kalahandi	Hilly evergreen and semi-evergreen forests; gaur and sambar herds.
Balimela Wildlife Sanctuary	1985	160	Malkangiri	Part of Eastern Ghats forest corridor; tigers and sloth bears.
Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary	1981	150	Keonjhar	Dry deciduous forest with elephants and swamp deer populations.
Khallikote / Chilka Wetlands (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Ganjam	Important migratory bird habitat near Chilka Lake.
Mahendragiri Hills (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Gajapati	Sacred hills with evergreen forests and elephant corridors.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Punjab

Punjab, located in northwestern India, is primarily a fertile agricultural state, but it also hosts significant protected areas for wildlife along rivers, wetlands, and forest patches. Its sanctuaries preserve species like blackbuck, nilgai, migratory birds, and freshwater turtles. These areas play a key role in protecting grassland ecosystems and migratory bird habitats along the Indus and Sutlej river systems.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary	1975	18	Fazilka	Famous for blackbuck conservation; open grassland habitat.
Bir Aishwan WLS	1962	41	Patiala	Dry forest and grassland area; supports nilgai and jackals.
Harike Wetland & WLS	1982	41	Tarn Taran / Ferozepur	Ramsar site; important for migratory birds including Siberian cranes.
Keshopur-Miani WLS	1980	15	Gurdaspur	Wetland sanctuary; supports migratory waterfowl and marsh birds.
Nangal WLS	1972	22	Rupnagar	Riverine habitat along Sutlej; home to turtles, migratory birds, and otters.
Ropar Wetland WLS	1982	41	Rupnagar	Freshwater wetland sanctuary; known for waterbirds and local fishing fauna.
Takhni-Rehmapur (Proposed)	—	—	Hoshiarpur	Forested and riverine patch for elephants and migratory birds.
Abohar Extension / Proposed Grasslands	—	—	Fazilka	Expansion plans to improve blackbuck habitat connectivity.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Puducherry

Puducherry, a union territory on the southeastern coast of India, has a mix of coastal wetlands, estuaries, and dry deciduous forests. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect migratory birds, freshwater turtles, crocodiles, and small mammals. These areas are vital for conserving mangroves, wetlands, and biodiversity hotspots in an otherwise urbanized territory.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Ousteri Lake Wildlife Sanctuary	1998	4	Puducherry	Wetland sanctuary; migratory birds like ducks, herons, and pelicans.
Muthukadu / Ariyankuppam Mangrove WLS (Proposed)	—	2	Puducherry	Mangrove and estuarine habitat; supports crabs, fish, and waterbirds.
Puducherry Urban Greenbelt (Proposed)	—	1.5	Puducherry	Urban park and forest patches; small mammals and migratory birds.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Rajasthan

Rajasthan, located in northwestern India, is known for its arid deserts, scrublands, and dry deciduous forests. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect species adapted to dry environments, such as desert foxes, blackbucks, striped hyenas, Indian wolves, and migratory birds in wetlands. These areas also include part of the iconic Ranthambore and Sariska tiger landscapes and are crucial for conserving desert and semi-arid biodiversity.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary	1955	866	Alwar	Tiger reserve; dry deciduous forests with leopards and striped hyenas.
Ranthambore Wildlife Sanctuary	1955	392	Sawai Madhopur	Famous tiger habitat; historic fort inside the sanctuary.
Desert National Park	1980	3,162	Jaisalmer / Barmer	Largest arid ecosystem in India; home to desert fox, chinkara, and bustards.
Jawai Bandh WLS	2010	101	Pali	Leopard-rich granite hill area with migratory bird waterholes.
Kumbhalgarh WLS	1971	578	Rajsamand	Part of Aravalli hills; supports leopards, sloth bears, and chinkara.
Mount Abu WLS	1960	290	Sirohi	Evergreen hill forests; endemic birds, leopards, and rhesus macaques.
Sambhar Lake WLS	1990	230	Jaipur / Nagaur	Saltwater wetland; habitat for flamingos and other migratory birds.
Tal Chhapar WLS	1975	7	Churu	Blackbuck sanctuary on semi-arid grasslands; known for raptors.
Bairath / Bhensrodh WLS (Proposed)	—	—	Jaipur	Grassland and dry scrub area for wildlife corridors.
Phulwari Ki Nal WLS	1981	25	Jaipur	Hilly scrubland; leopard and jackal habitat.
Karauli WLS	1985	54	Karauli	Dry deciduous forest with sambar, chinkara, and leopards.
Jawai Bandh Leopard Corridor (Proposed)	—	—	Pali	Focused on leopard-human conflict mitigation and habitat connectivity.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Sikkim

Sikkim, a small northeastern Himalayan state, is rich in alpine and subtropical ecosystems. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect clouded leopards, red pandas, snow leopards, Himalayan black bears, and rare birds like the blood pheasant and Himalayan monal. Sikkim’s forests, high-altitude meadows, and river valleys are critical for biodiversity and serve as important corridors linking Bhutan, Nepal, and West Bengal.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Khangchendzonga National Park / WLS Component	1977	1,784	North / West Sikkim	Part of UNESCO World Heritage Site; habitat for red panda, snow leopard, and Himalayan monal.
Fambong Lho WLS	1984	51	Gangtok	Subtropical and temperate forests; rich in birds and red pandas.
Maenam WLS	1987	35	West Sikkim	Evergreen forests; home to barking deer, leopards, and diverse orchids.
Barsey Rhododendron WLS	1984	104	West / South Sikkim	Famous for rhododendron blooms; habitat for red panda and Himalayan tahr.
Shingba Rhododendron WLS	1984	43	North Sikkim	High-altitude sanctuary with rhododendron forests and migratory birds.
Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary	1983	31	East Sikkim	Alpine meadows; supports red pandas, pheasants, and medicinal plants.
Kanchenjunga Landscape Buffer Zones (Proposed WLS)	—	—	North / South	High-altitude corridors linking Nepal, Bhutan, and India for snow leopard and ungulates.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu, located in southern India, hosts a variety of ecosystems ranging from the Western Ghats’ evergreen forests to dry deciduous forests, scrublands, coastal wetlands, and mangroves. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect flagship species such as tigers, elephants, lion-tailed macaques, Nilgiri langurs, and endemic amphibians. The state’s sanctuaries also play a key role in preserving important bird habitats and biodiversity hotspots like the Nilgiris and Eastern Ghats.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary	1940	321	Nilgiris / Dharmapuri / Erode	Gateway to Nilgiris; part of Nilgiri Biosphere; home to tigers, elephants, and leopards.
Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary	2008	1,411	Erode / Dharmapuri / Coimbatore	Largest sanctuary in TN; tiger and elephant corridors; dry deciduous forest.
Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (WLS Component)	1988	895	Tirunelveli / Kanyakumari	Western Ghats rainforest; tigers, lion-tailed macaques, and endemic amphibians.
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary	1936	30	Kanchipuram	Oldest waterbird sanctuary in India; migratory species from Siberia and Europe.
Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary	1967	24	Nagapattinam	Coastal wetlands; flamingos, migratory shorebirds, and blackbuck.
Pulicat Lake WLS (TN portion)	1976	~500 (shared)	Thiruvallur	Second-largest brackish-water lagoon in India; flamingos and other waterbirds.
Mukurthi WLS	1997	78	Nilgiris	Montane shola grasslands; Nilgiri tahr habitat.
Grizzled Squirrel WLS	1976	485	Coimbatore / Tiruppur	Endangered grizzled giant squirrel conservation; part of Western Ghats forests.
Sivaganga / Anaimalai Hills (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Coimbatore / Tiruppur	Elephant corridors and endemic amphibian habitats.
Vettangudi WLS	1975	8	Thanjavur	Wetland sanctuary supporting migratory and resident waterbirds.
Mambalapattu WLS (Proposed)	—	—	Villupuram	Dry deciduous scrub and bird habitats; under proposal for protection.
Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary	1989	0.68	Tirunelveli	Nesting site for thousands of migratory waterbirds, including pelicans and storks.
Kaliveli Lake / Wetland Areas (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Villupuram / Cuddalore	Important for migratory birds and wetland biodiversity conservation.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Telangana

Telangana, located in southern India, is characterized by dry deciduous forests, river valleys, and plateau ecosystems. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect tigers, leopards, sloth bears, striped hyenas, and a variety of endemic reptiles, birds, and freshwater fish. These protected areas form key corridors linking the Eastern Ghats and Deccan plateau, and also conserve important wetlands and riverine ecosystems.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Eturnagaram WLS	1953	805	Mulugu	Oldest sanctuary in Telangana; dense forests with tigers, leopards, and elephants.
Kawal WLS	1965	1,150	Komaram Bheem	Tiger habitat and elephant corridors; part of Godavari basin forests.
Pocharam WLS	1952	130	Medak / Nizamabad	Wetland sanctuary for migratory birds, waterfowl, and resident reptiles.
Pakhal WLS	1952	860	Warangal	Forested hills and tank ecosystems; elephants, tigers, and endemic birds.
Manjira WLS	1988	54	Medak / Rangareddy	Riverine wetland habitat; flamingos, pelicans, and other migratory birds.
Amrabad WLS	1981	2,200	Nagarkurnool	Part of Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam corridor; elephants, tigers, and gaur.
Sri Lankamalleswara WLS (Telangana portion)	—	—	Jogulamba / Mahabubnagar	Dry deciduous forests; leopards, pangolins, and medicinal plants.
Mahavir Harina Vanasthali WLS	1975	360	Hyderabad / Ranga Reddy	Deer park and conservation area within urban limits; blackbucks and spotted deer.
Nallamala Hills Buffer Areas (Proposed)	—	—	Multiple districts	Elephant and tiger corridors connecting Telangana with Andhra Pradesh.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Tripura

Tripura, a small northeastern state, is rich in tropical and semi-evergreen forests, riverine ecosystems, and hill ranges. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect elephants, hoolock gibbons, clouded leopards, sambar, and endemic bird species. These areas also conserve sacred groves and wetlands, which are important for maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity in the region.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	195	South Tripura	Evergreen forests; elephants, leopards, and clouded leopards.
Ramnagar Wildlife Sanctuary	1987	45	West Tripura	Mixed forests with sambar, barking deer, and diverse birds.
Searsole WLS (Proposed)	—	—	North Tripura	Forest patch for hoolock gibbons and primate conservation.
Belchhari / Dumboor WLS (Proposed)	—	—	Dhalai / West Tripura	Wetlands and riverine areas; migratory and resident birds.
Sipahijala WLS	1976	18	West Tripura	Small sanctuary; birds, primates, and a botanical diversity zone.
Gomati River Wetlands (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Gomati / South Tripura	Wetland sanctuary for migratory waterbirds and turtles.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh, located in northern India, features a variety of ecosystems including riverine forests, wetlands, and grasslands. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect tigers, swamp deer, gharials, freshwater turtles, and numerous migratory birds along the Ganges and other rivers. These sanctuaries also conserve critical habitats for aquatic biodiversity and provide key corridors connecting larger tiger landscapes in central and northern India.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Dudhwa Wildlife Sanctuary	1958	490	Lakhimpur Kheri	Part of Dudhwa Tiger Reserve; tigers, swamp deer, and gharials.
Saman Bird Sanctuary	1980	7	Etawah	Wetland sanctuary; home to migratory birds including Siberian cranes.
Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary	1975	400	Bahraich	Part of Dudhwa landscape; tigers, leopards, and elephants.
Sarsai Nawar Wetland Sanctuary	1992	3.5	Etawah	Protected wetland for migratory waterbirds.
Etawah Safari / Proposed WLS	—	—	Etawah	Potential wildlife corridor and safari zone for tigers and deer.
Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary	1980	29	Sant Kabir Nagar	Wetland for migratory birds and aquatic fauna.
Ranipur WLS (Proposed)	—	—	Pilibhit	Part of tiger corridor expansion from Pilibhit TR.
Kachhua WLS / Turtle Habitat	—	—	Varanasi / Mirzapur	Freshwater turtle and riverine biodiversity protection.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, nestled in the Indian Himalayas, is rich in alpine, temperate, and subtropical forests. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect tigers, leopards, Himalayan black bears, musk deer, snow leopards, and a variety of endemic birds and reptiles. These sanctuaries form an integral part of the Terai and Shivalik ecosystems, providing crucial corridors for large mammals and conserving fragile Himalayan biodiversity.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Corbett Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS Component)	1936	520	Nainital / Pauri Garhwal	Part of Jim Corbett National Park; tigers, elephants, and leopards.
Rajaji Wildlife Sanctuary	1983	820	Haridwar / Dehradun / Pauri Garhwal	Dense sal and mixed forests; elephants and tigers.
Govind Pashu Vihar WLS	1955	958	Uttarkashi	High-altitude sanctuary; snow leopards, Himalayan tahr, and musk deer.
Benog Wildlife Sanctuary	1984	50	Tehri Garhwal	Temperate forests with Himalayan birds and small carnivores.
Askot Wildlife Sanctuary	1983	600	Pithoragarh	Alpine forests; red panda, musk deer, and Himalayan black bear.
Sonanadi WLS	1974	203	Nainital	Buffer for Corbett; tigers, leopards, and elephants.
Pangot / Nainital Buffer Areas (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Nainital	Bird-rich montane forests and Himalayan biodiversity patch.
Kandoliya / Rajpur Forests (Proposed WLS)	—	—	Haridwar	Lowland forest corridor; elephants and migratory birds.
Haridwar Wetlands & Forests (Proposed)	—	—	Haridwar	Riverine biodiversity, migratory waterbirds, and fish conservation.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in West Bengal

West Bengal, located in eastern India, encompasses the Sundarbans mangroves, Terai-Dooars forests, and riverine wetlands. Its wildlife sanctuaries protect iconic species such as the Bengal tiger, saltwater crocodile, elephants, swamp deer, and migratory birds. The state’s protected areas are critical for maintaining biodiversity corridors between the Eastern Himalayas, Chhota Nagpur plateau, and the Sundarbans delta.

Sanctuary Name	Declared (Year)	Area (sq km)	District(s)	Highlight / Unique Insight
Sundarbans Wildlife Sanctuary	1973	1,330	South 24 Parganas	Part of UNESCO World Heritage Site; home to the iconic Bengal tiger in mangroves.
Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary	1983	760	Alipurduar / Jalpaiguri	Dense forests; elephants, leopards, and clouded leopards.
Gorumara Wildlife Sanctuary	1949	80	Jalpaiguri	Popular tourist sanctuary; Indian rhinoceros and elephants.
Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary	1976	159	Darjeeling / Jalpaiguri	Sal forests and riverine habitats; tigers, elephants, and gaur.
Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary	1941	216	Alipurduar	Known for Indian one-horned rhinoceros; grassland and riverine ecosystem.
Neora Valley WLS	1986	88	Kalimpong	Subtropical and temperate forests; red panda and clouded leopard habitat.
Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary	1998	7	Jalpaiguri	Dense forests; elephants, gaurs, and migratory birds.
Bibhutibhushan Wildlife Sanctuary (Proposed / Extension)	—	—	North 24 Parganas	Wetland and mangrove habitats supporting migratory and resident birds.
Ballavpur Wildlife Sanctuary (Proposed)	—	—	West Midnapore	Small forest patch conserving leopards and endemic flora.

Popular Wildlife Species in Indian Sanctuaries

India’s wildlife sanctuaries are home to an astonishing variety of species, making them a paradise for nature enthusiasts, photographers, and researchers. The diversity of animals varies by region, reflecting the wide range of ecosystems across the country—from dense forests and wetlands to grasslands, mangroves, and deserts.

Mammals

• Tiger – Found in sanctuaries such as Manas, Tadoba, and Corbett, tigers are the flagship species of India’s conservation efforts.
• Elephant – Both Asian elephants and their migratory herds can be seen in sanctuaries like Periyar, Kaziranga, and Nagarhole.
• Leopard – Adaptable and elusive, leopards inhabit many sanctuaries, often coexisting with tigers and other large carnivores.
• Indian Bison (Gaur) – Common in sanctuaries like Bhadra and Periyar, these massive herbivores are a striking sight.
• Deer and Antelopes – Species such as sambar, chital, nilgai, and blackbuck are frequently spotted grazing in grasslands and forest clearings.
• Primates – Langurs, macaques, and gibbons thrive in sanctuaries like Hollongapar and Papikonda.

Birds

• Hornbills – Large, colourful birds found in sanctuaries in Northeast India and Western Ghats.
• Peafowl – India’s national bird is widely seen in grasslands and forested areas.
• Migratory Birds – Wetland sanctuaries like Vedanthangal and Bharatpur attract thousands of migratory species every year.
• Raptors and Eagles – Predatory birds such as eagles, vultures, and kites soar above forests and grasslands.

Reptiles and Amphibians

• Crocodiles – Saltwater and freshwater crocodiles inhabit riverine and wetland sanctuaries.
• Snakes – From king cobras to pythons, many sanctuaries are rich in snake diversity.
• Turtles and Amphibians – Wetland and forested sanctuaries provide vital habitats for turtles, frogs, and newts.

Unique and Endemic Species

Some sanctuaries protect species that are endemic or critically endangered:

• Snow Leopard – Found in high-altitude sanctuaries like Askot.
• Indian Pangolin – Rarely seen, but protected in several forested sanctuaries.
• Great Indian Bustard – Preserved in desert sanctuaries like Desert National Park.

These species collectively reflect India’s incredible biodiversity and underscore the importance of sanctuaries in conserving both common and endangered wildlife. Visitors have the opportunity to observe these creatures in their natural habitats while gaining a deeper appreciation of the delicate balance that sustains India’s ecosystems.

Best Time to Visit

India’s wildlife sanctuaries are spread across an incredibly diverse landscape, offering unique experiences throughout the year. India’s landscape is incredibly diverse, encompassing six major physiographic regions: the Himalayan Mountains in the north, the Indo-Gangetic Plains to the south of the Himalayas, the Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert) in the west, the Peninsular Plateau in the south, the Coastal Plains along the east and west coasts, and the Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands. This variety ranges from tropical to temperate zones, with high mountains, fertile river plains, arid deserts, plateaus, coastlines, and archipelagos. The diversity in terrain and climate across these regions means that the best visiting time varies depending on the sanctuary’s location and the wildlife you hope to encounter.

Northern India (Himalayan and Indo-Gangetic Regions)

• Best Time: March to June and September to November.
• The temperate Himalayan climate is ideal for spotting snow leopards, Himalayan tahr, and migratory birds after winter snows melt. Sanctuaries like Corbett, Askot, and Dachigam are best visited in spring and autumn.

Western India (Deserts and Arid Zones)

• Best Time: October to March.
• Desert sanctuaries like the Desert National Park in Rajasthan are best explored in the cooler months. Wildlife such as the Great Indian Bustard and desert foxes are more active during this period.

Southern India (Peninsular Plateau and Western Ghats)

• Best Time: October to March.
• Tropical sanctuaries such as Periyar, Bhadra, and Bandipur are lush post-monsoon, offering the best visibility for tigers, elephants, and a variety of bird species.

Coastal and Island Sanctuaries

• Best Time: November to February.
• Sanctuaries along the east and west coasts, as well as the Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands, are most comfortable to explore in the cooler, dry months. Mangroves, sea turtles, and aquatic birds are easier to spot during this season.

Monsoon Considerations

• Many sanctuaries, particularly in the Western Ghats and northeastern states, experience heavy rainfall from June to September. During this time, wildlife may be harder to spot due to dense foliage and high water levels, though the landscape is at its greenest and most vibrant.

By planning visits according to the sanctuary’s geography and climate, travellers can maximise wildlife sightings and enjoy the distinct natural beauty of each region.

Accommodation & Nearby Stays

Visiting wildlife sanctuaries in India is best experienced when you stay close enough to immerse yourself in nature while maintaining comfort and convenience. A variety of accommodation options cater to different budgets and preferences, from eco-lodges and forest rest houses to luxury resorts and homestays.

Eco-Lodges and Nature Resorts

• These are ideal for travellers who want an immersive experience without disturbing wildlife.
• Examples include resorts near Periyar, Bandipur, and Bhadra sanctuaries that offer guided safaris, nature walks, and bird-watching tours.
• Many eco-lodges focus on sustainable practices such as solar energy, rainwater harvesting, and waste recycling.

Forest Rest Houses and Government Guesthouses

• Managed by state forest departments, these are budget-friendly options within or near sanctuary boundaries.
• Provide basic amenities like beds, meals, and guided tours.
• Popular in Corbett, Kaziranga, and Kanha, these stay options offer proximity to wildlife for early morning safaris.

Homestays and Local Villages

• Homestays allow visitors to experience local culture, traditional cuisine, and community-led eco-tourism.
• Found near sanctuaries such as Papikonda, Hollongapar, and Parambikulam, they offer an authentic and immersive experience.

Luxury Resorts

• For travellers seeking comfort, luxury resorts near major sanctuaries provide premium amenities, spa services, and curated wildlife experiences.
• Examples include resorts near Tadoba, Nagarhole, and Sundarbans, often offering private safari options and expert naturalist guides.

Tips for Choosing Accommodation

• Proximity to Sanctuary: Staying closer allows early morning or late evening wildlife safaris.
• Eco-Friendly Practices: Opt for accommodations that support sustainable tourism.
• Local Experience: Homestays provide insight into regional culture and cuisine.
• Seasonal Considerations: Some forest lodges are closed during monsoons; check availability before planning.

By carefully selecting where to stay, visitors can balance comfort with responsible travel, ensuring their presence supports conservation efforts while allowing memorable encounters with India’s wildlife.

Tips for Wildlife Tours and Conservation Efforts

Exploring wildlife sanctuaries in India can be a life-changing experience, but it requires careful planning and responsible behaviour. Following best practices ensures both visitor safety and the protection of these delicate ecosystems. At the same time, understanding ongoing conservation efforts helps travellers appreciate the importance of these protected areas.

Tips for Wildlife Tours

1. Permits and Entry Rules:
   • Most sanctuaries require entry permits or safari bookings. Check with the state forest department or official websites for updated rules.
   • Some areas have restricted zones to protect sensitive species—always adhere to guidelines.
2. Timing and Safaris:
   • Early morning and late afternoon are ideal for wildlife sightings when animals are most active.
   • Guided safaris with trained naturalists increase chances of spotting wildlife and provide educational insights.
3. Wildlife Photography Dos and Don’ts:
   • Use zoom lenses to avoid disturbing animals.
   • Avoid flash photography in sensitive areas, especially bird and nocturnal animal zones.
4. Responsible Travel:
   • Do not litter, feed animals, or make loud noises.
   • Stick to designated trails and safari routes to minimise habitat disturbance.
   • Support local communities by choosing eco-friendly lodges and homestays.

Conservation Efforts

• Government Initiatives:
  • Programs like Project Tiger and Project Elephant focus on protecting flagship species and their habitats.
  • State-level wildlife departments actively manage sanctuaries, conduct anti-poaching patrols, and maintain biodiversity records.
• Community Participation:
  • Many sanctuaries involve local communities in conservation, eco-tourism, and awareness programs.
  • Visitors can contribute by respecting local practices, supporting community-led tours, and purchasing sustainable products.
• Research and Monitoring:
  • Sanctuaries often host scientific research projects, from tracking tiger populations to monitoring bird migrations.
  • Tourist participation in citizen-science programs or educational tours can help gather valuable data.
• Awareness and Education:
  • Eco-tourism promotes awareness about species conservation, habitat protection, and climate change impacts.
  • Visitor engagement helps generate funds and attention for sanctuary maintenance and wildlife protection programs.

By combining careful planning, responsible travel, and support for ongoing conservation initiatives, visitors can enjoy the wonders of India’s wildlife while contributing to the long-term protection of its remarkable biodiversity.

Conclusion

India’s wildlife sanctuaries offer a unique window into the country’s incredible biodiversity, from tigers and elephants to rare birds, reptiles, and endemic species. Spread across varied landscapes—from the towering Himalayas and fertile plains to arid deserts, lush Western Ghats, coastal plains, and island ecosystems—these sanctuaries protect fragile habitats while providing unforgettable experiences for nature enthusiasts.

By visiting responsibly, choosing eco-friendly accommodations, and supporting conservation efforts, travellers can contribute to preserving India’s natural heritage. Exploring these sanctuaries is more than just sightseeing; it is an opportunity to witness the harmony of life in the wild and become part of a larger effort to protect the planet’s biodiversity.