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Alipore Zoo (Alipore Zoological Garden) | Kolkata Zoo

ByRosan Prasad Hours Updated on
Alipore Zoo aka Kolkata Zoo

Alipore Zoo — officially known as the Alipore Zoological Garden — is one of India’s most iconic wildlife attractions and holds a special place in the country’s conservation history. Established in 1876, it is the oldest zoological park in India, drawing millions of visitors every year with its rich collection of animals, lush greenery, heritage enclosures, and deep-rooted legacy. Nestled in the heart of South Kolkata, the zoo offers a refreshing blend of history, biodiversity, and modern animal care, making it a favourite destination for families, students, researchers, and wildlife enthusiasts.

Beyond its popularity as a recreational spot, Alipore Zoo plays an important role in education, conservation, and captive breeding, especially for endangered Indian species. From majestic Royal Bengal Tigers and African Lions to exotic primates, colourful birds, reptiles, and its well-known lake ecosystem, the zoo showcases a diverse range of wildlife in a compact urban setting. Over the years, landmark residents — most famously Adwaita, the 250-year-old Aldabra giant tortoise — have added to its legendary charm.

Today, Alipore Zoo continues to evolve with new enclosures, improved habitats, and a stronger focus on animal welfare and public awareness. Whether you’re exploring Kolkata’s cultural heritage or discovering its natural marvels, Alipore Zoological Garden stands as a must-visit destination that brings people closer to wildlife while celebrating India’s oldest chapter of zoological history.

History and Background

The Alipore Zoological Garden has a legacy that stretches back nearly a century and a half, making it an integral part of India’s natural history and urban culture. Established in 1876, the zoo was conceived during the British colonial period when zoological institutions were being set up across major cities to promote biological study, recreation, and public education. Kolkata, then Calcutta — the capital of British India — became home to the country’s first formal zoological park, designed to display exotic wildlife and serve as a centre for scientific observation.

The origins of Alipore Zoo can be traced to the private menagerie of the then Lieutenant-Governor, Sir Richard Temple, whose animal collection laid the foundation for the early exhibits. Over time, contributions from various princely states, naturalists, and international animal exchanges helped expand the zoo’s diversity. By the early 20th century, Alipore Zoo had already become one of the most visited public attractions in the region.

Throughout its long history, the zoo has seen several milestones. It gained international attention for housing Adwaita, an Aldabra giant tortoise believed to have lived over 250 years, making him one of the longest-lived animals recorded in captivity. The zoo has also played a role in breeding and conservation, with programs dedicated to species like tigers, leopards, deer, and various birds.

Post-independence, the zoo underwent multiple expansions and upgrades, gradually shifting towards modern principles of zoological management. This included improved enclosures, scientific animal care, veterinary facilities, and public education initiatives. In recent years, Alipore Zoo has continued to evolve with new habitat-style exhibits, stronger conservation policies, and a renewed focus on environmental awareness.

Today, the Alipore Zoological Garden stands not only as India’s oldest zoo but also as an enduring symbol of Kolkata’s heritage — blending history, wildlife, and learning within one of the city’s most beloved green spaces.

Geography, Landscape & Climate

Located in the verdant neighbourhood of Alipore in South Kolkata, the Alipore Zoological Garden sits amidst one of the city’s most historic and upscale districts. Spread across an area of 46 acres, the zoo offers a refreshing natural escape within the bustling urban environment. Its central location makes it easily accessible from major landmarks such as the National Library, Victoria Memorial, and Alipore Jail Museum, placing it right at the cultural heart of Kolkata.

The landscape of the zoo is defined by a mix of tree-lined walkways, shaded lawns, ponds, and heritage enclosures, some of which date back to the late 19th century. Large banyan and neem trees provide a cooling canopy, creating a green oasis that attracts not only zoo residents but also free-roaming birds and butterflies. The presence of multiple interconnected lakes enhances the scenic charm and supports waterbirds, turtles, and a variety of aquatic life.

Recent upgrades have transformed several enclosures into modern, habitat-style exhibits, designed to mimic natural environments. Carnivore zones, primate islands, aviaries, and reptile houses are arranged in a way that allows visitors to explore the zoo comfortably while observing animals in enriched surroundings.

Kolkata experiences a tropical wet-and-dry climate, which significantly influences both animal behaviour and visitor experience. Summers (March–June) are hot and humid, with temperatures often crossing 35°C, making mornings the most comfortable visiting hours. Monsoon (June–September) brings heavy rainfall, adding lushness to the zoo’s greenery but making some paths slippery. Winters (November–February), mild and pleasant, are the best time to visit, as animals are more active and the weather is ideal for long walks around the garden.

Animals and Species Highlights

Alipore Zoo is home to a rich diversity of wildlife, ranging from majestic mammals and big cats to exotic birds, reptiles, and small mammals. The zoo emphasizes species conservation, education, and recreation, allowing visitors to get close to animals while learning about their habitats and behaviour. Its collection includes both native Indian species and exotic animals from around the world, making it a microcosm of global biodiversity in the heart of Kolkata.

Here’s a breakdown of the major species housed at the zoo:

Mammals

  • Big Cats:
  • Primates:
    • Rhesus Macaque
    • Bonnet Macaque
    • Langurs
    • Ring-tailed Lemur
  • Herbivores & Ungulates:
  • Others:
    • Elephants
    • Porcupines
    • Civets
    • Otters

Birds

  • Indian Peafowl
  • Emus
  • Ostriches
  • Parrots & Parakeets
  • Pheasants (e.g., Kalij, Silver Pheasant)
  • Waterbirds around zoo lakes: ducks, geese, herons
  • Vultures (conservation species)

Reptiles & Amphibians

  • Crocodiles
  • Snakes (Python, Cobra)
  • Turtles & Tortoises (including Aldabra tortoise species)
  • Lizards

Small Mammals & Others

  • Hedgehogs
  • Mongoose
  • Rabbits and small rodents in children’s zoo sections

Alipore Zoo regularly updates and rotates species based on conservation programs, animal welfare, and breeding initiatives, ensuring a dynamic and educational experience for visitors.

Conservation, Breeding & Research Programs

Alipore Zoological Garden has long been a pioneer in wildlife conservation, captive breeding, and research initiatives in India. Beyond being a popular city attraction, the zoo plays an essential role in protecting endangered species, educating the public, and collaborating with scientific institutions to advance animal care and conservation knowledge.

Key Conservation Initiatives

  • The zoo has been actively involved in captive breeding programs in West Bengal, aiming to maintain healthy populations of endangered and vulnerable species.
  • Special focus is given to Indian fauna at risk, including Royal Bengal Tigers, vultures, and certain primates.
  • Conservation efforts extend to habitat simulation, ensuring animals have environments that closely resemble their natural ecosystems.
  • Alipore Zoo participates in rescue and rehabilitation of injured or orphaned wildlife whenever possible.

Big Cat Breeding Program

  • Bengal Tiger Breeding: Alipore Zoo has successfully bred Royal Bengal Tigers in captivity, contributing to the long-term survival of this iconic species. Tigers are carefully monitored for health, genetics, and behavioural enrichment.
  • Leopard Conservation: Leopards are another focal species, with breeding and enclosure upgrades designed to support natural behaviours and encourage successful reproduction.

Primate & Herbivore Conservation

  • Golden Langur Program: While primarily focused in northeastern India, Alipore Zoo contributes to primate research and breeding initiatives for rare langur species.
  • Gaur and Deer Breeding: The zoo maintains healthy populations of large herbivores like gaur, sambar, and spotted deer. Controlled breeding programs ensure genetic diversity and population stability.

Bird Conservation

  • Alipore Zoo supports breeding programs for parakeets, pheasants, and other native birds, helping replenish declining populations.
  • Lakes and aviaries provide safe habitats for waterbirds, which are often part of rescue and care programs for injured or displaced species.
  • The zoo also monitors migratory bird activity and works to educate the public about avian conservation.

Research and Collaboration

  • The zoo collaborates with the Central Zoo Authority (CZA) to implement national conservation guidelines and breeding protocols.
  • Partnerships with universities and wildlife departments facilitate research on animal health, behaviour, and habitat management.
  • Veterinary research focuses on disease prevention, nutritional studies, and improving animal welfare, benefiting both captive and wild populations.

Education and Awareness

  • Alipore Zoo hosts school visits, nature camps, and guided tours, teaching children and adults about wildlife conservation.
  • Educational signage, digital boards, and interactive displays inform visitors about species, habitats, and environmental challenges.
  • Special events, such as Zoo Day and conservation workshops, engage the community and promote awareness about sustainable coexistence with wildlife.

Exhibits, Attractions & Activities

Alipore Zoo is designed not only to conserve wildlife but also to offer an engaging and educational experience for visitors of all ages. Its diverse exhibits, attractions, and activities make it one of Kolkata’s most family-friendly destinations, blending heritage charm with modern animal care and interactive learning.

Major Enclosures

  • Tiger & Lion Enclosures: Spacious, habitat-style enclosures designed to replicate natural conditions, allowing visitors to observe the big cats safely.
  • Elephant House: Home to the zoo’s elephants, with dedicated care areas and enrichment activities.
  • Reptile House: Features snakes, crocodiles, turtles, and other reptiles in climate-controlled habitats.
  • Aviaries & Bird Exhibits: Large aviaries and waterbird zones provide naturalistic spaces for peafowl, parrots, pheasants, ducks, and more.
  • Primate Islands: Elevated enclosures and rope structures encourage natural behaviours in langurs, macaques, and lemurs.
  • Herbivore Areas: Open spaces for deer, gaur, and other ungulates, allowing for grazing and social interaction.

Attractions

  • Zoo Museum: Offers historical insights into the zoo, its notable residents, and conservation milestones.
  • Children’s Zoo: Interactive zones where kids can learn about small mammals and birds up close.
  • Lakes & Picnic Spots: Beautiful ponds and green lawns create a serene environment for relaxing walks and photography.
  • Heritage Structures: Original 19th-century enclosures and gates showcase the zoo’s colonial legacy.

Activities & Learning Experiences

  • Guided Tours: Expert-led walks for school groups and wildlife enthusiasts, explaining animal behaviour, conservation, and history.
  • Photography Opportunities: Well-maintained viewpoints for capturing wildlife in naturalistic settings.
  • Interactive Learning Programs: Seasonal workshops and talks for children and adults, covering topics like animal care, habitat conservation, and biodiversity.
  • Seasonal Events: Zoo Day celebrations and wildlife awareness campaigns enhance engagement.

Family-Friendly Experience

  • Kid-Friendly Zones: Play areas, petting corners, and observation decks ensure children remain entertained and safe.
  • Amenities: Cafeterias, shaded resting areas, washrooms, and first-aid stations enhance comfort for families.
  • Accessibility: Pathways, ramps, and seating cater to elderly visitors and those with mobility challenges.
  • Safety Measures: Well-marked enclosures, fencing, and staff supervision ensure a safe environment for all guests.

Visitor Information & Tips

Visiting Alipore Zoological Garden is a delightful experience, but a little planning helps you make the most of your trip. From entry details to accessibility and timing, here’s everything you need to know.

Opening Hours

  • Winter (Nov–Feb): 9:30 AM – 4:30 PM
  • Summer (Mar–Jun): 9:30 AM – 5:00 PM
  • Monsoon (Jul–Oct): 9:30 AM – 4:30 PM
  • Weekly Closure: Thursday (for maintenance)
  • Tip: Early morning visits are best for seeing active animals, especially big cats and primates.

Entry Fees, Ticket Price & Booking

  • Adults: ₹40–₹60 (domestic visitors)
  • Children (3–12 years): ₹20–₹30
  • Foreign Visitors: ₹100–₹200
  • Camera Charges: ₹50–₹100 (for DSLR or professional equipment)
  • Booking: Tickets are available at the zoo entrance; online booking may be available through official platforms.

Accessibility

  • Wheelchair access available on main pathways.
  • Elderly-friendly resting areas and benches along major walking routes.
  • Parking available for cars, buses, and two-wheelers.
  • Assistance available for disabled visitors on request.

Best Time to Visit

  • Winter (Nov–Feb): Pleasant weather, animals are more active.
  • Morning (9:30–11:30 AM): Cooler hours, better for photography and animal viewing.
  • Avoid: Peak summer afternoons and heavy monsoon days to avoid heat and slippery pathways.

Visitor Tips for Alipore Zoo

  • Plan Your Route: Start with big cats, then explore birds, reptiles, and herbivores to cover the zoo efficiently.
  • Carry Essentials: Water bottles, hats, sunscreen, and light snacks.
  • Photography Tips: Use binoculars for distant enclosures and follow zoo photography rules.
  • Respect Wildlife: Do not tap on enclosures, feed animals, or litter inside the zoo.
  • Family-Friendly: Children’s zones and interactive exhibits are great for educational experiences.

Nearby Attractions & Travel Guide

Alipore Zoological Garden is not only a wildlife hotspot but also ideally located near several cultural, historical, and recreational attractions in Kolkata. Planning a full day around the zoo can make your visit even more enriching.

How to Reach

  • By Metro: Kalighat and Rabindra Sadan metro stations are the closest; auto-rickshaws or taxis can cover the short distance to the zoo.
  • By Bus: Multiple city buses connect Alipore with major Kolkata hubs.
  • By Taxi/Auto: Convenient for families or those carrying children; ride-hailing apps work well in the city.
  • Landmarks Nearby: National Library, Victoria Memorial, and Alipore Jail Museum make great reference points.

Accommodation Nearby

  • Budget Options: Guesthouses and budget hotels in Alipore and Ballygunge.
  • Mid-Range Hotels: Hotels like Hotel Alipore and Hotel Casa Fortuna offer comfortable stays with easy access to the zoo.
  • Luxury Stays: Taj Bengal, The Park Kolkata, and ITC Sonar offer premium amenities within a short drive.

Nearby Attractions

  • National Library: India’s largest library with colonial architecture.
  • Indian Museum: Historical exhibits on art, archaeology, and natural history.
  • Victoria Memorial: Iconic monument surrounded by gardens; perfect for a walk after visiting the zoo.
  • Princep Ghat: Scenic riverside spot along the Hooghly River.
  • Science City: Interactive science and technology exhibits for families and children.
  • Kalighat Temple: Famous cultural and religious landmark nearby.

Travel Tips

  • Transport: Autos and taxis are convenient for short trips around Alipore; public buses for budget travel.
  • Food & Refreshments: Cafeterias inside the zoo and eateries in Alipore provide snacks and meals.
  • Safety & Hygiene: Carry hand sanitizer and follow zoo rules for safe and responsible visiting.
  • Combine Attractions: Consider visiting Victoria Memorial and Princep Ghat on the same day for a full cultural and recreational experience.

Conclusion

Alipore Zoological Garden stands as a timeless landmark in Kolkata, blending history, wildlife conservation, and urban recreation. As India’s oldest zoo, it has not only preserved generations of endangered species but also fostered awareness and education about wildlife among millions of visitors. From majestic Bengal Tigers and playful primates to exotic birds and reptiles, the zoo offers a diverse and immersive experience for wildlife enthusiasts, families, and students alike.

Beyond its role as a public attraction, Alipore Zoo continues to make significant contributions to conservation, breeding programs, and research initiatives, demonstrating that urban spaces can play an essential role in protecting biodiversity. Its heritage structures, lakes, shaded pathways, and modern enclosures create an environment that is both educational and aesthetically pleasing, making every visit memorable.

Whether you are a nature lover, a photography enthusiast, or a family seeking a day of learning and fun, Alipore Zoological Garden is a must-visit destination in Kolkata. It is a place where history, science, and wildlife converge, offering a unique window into India’s rich natural heritage while inspiring a lifelong appreciation for the animal kingdom.

An Adventure, Travel & Wildlife Blogger from Siliguri, Darjeeling. My Adventures often take me to the beautiful landscapes, Clouds, Mountains, Skies.. – places that makes me feel alive.

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